Menopause Raises Depression Risk

Hormonal changes during menopause may double a woman's risk of depression, say researchers.

Dr. Lee Cohen, associate professor of psychology at Harvard Medical School, and colleagues followed nearly 500 women before menopause and three years after. Among the women who experienced blood vessel issues, such as hot flashes, the risk of depression was increased. Both estrogen and serotonin play a role in the brain's ability to control body temperature and regulate reproductive hormones, the study authors said. If those hormonal levels fluctuate, it can affect mood.

The study found that those taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) experienced milder depressive symptoms than those who did not. The authors caution, however, that the pros and cons of HRT should be considered before deciding to take supplemental hormones. HRT risks include cardiovascular problems and blood clots.

A second study, also published in the April 1 issue of Archives of General Psychiatry, reported similar results. The study authors found a 2.5 greater risk of depression in women approaching menopause than those who were premenopausal.

Cohen's team has applied for a grant to continue their follow-up with the women in the study to see if depression risk continues after menopause.